课程第6次

botang

2019-07-16

管道出错：

1. [root@desktop3 labs]# tty
   
2. /dev/pts/0
   
3. [root@desktop3 labs]# echo "Hello World" |tee  /dev/pts/0  | cut -f 2 -d ' '
   
4. Hello World
   
5. World
   

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1. <p>## Sudoers allows particular users to run various commands as
   
2. ## the root user, without needing the root password.
   
3. ##
   
4. ## Examples are provided at the bottom of the file for collections
   
5. ## of related commands, which can then be delegated out to particular
   
6. ## users or groups.
   
7. ##
   
8. ## This file must be edited with the 'visudo' command.
   
9. 
   
10. ## Host Aliases
    
11. ## Groups of machines. You may prefer to use hostnames (perhaps using
    
12. ## wildcards for entire domains) or IP addresses instead.
    
13. # Host_Alias     FILESERVERS = fs1, fs2
    
14. # Host_Alias     MAILSERVERS = smtp, smtp2
    
15. 
    
16. ## User Aliases
    
17. ## These aren't often necessary, as you can use regular groups
    
18. ## (ie, from files, LDAP, NIS, etc) in this file - just use %groupname
    
19. ## rather than USERALIAS
    
20. # User_Alias ADMINS = jsmith, mikem
    
21. User_Alias STD = student
    
22. 
    
23. ## Command Aliases
    
24. ## These are groups of related commands...
    
25. 
    
26. ## Networking
    
27. # Cmnd_Alias NETWORKING = /sbin/route, /sbin/ifconfig, /bin/ping, /sbin/dhclient, /usr/bin/net, /sbin/iptables, /usr/bin/rfcomm, /usr/bin/wvdial, /sbin/iwconfig, /sbin/mii-tool
    
28. 
    
29. ## Installation and management of software
    
30. # Cmnd_Alias SOFTWARE = /bin/rpm, /usr/bin/up2date, /usr/bin/yum
    
31. 
    
32. ## Services
    
33. # Cmnd_Alias SERVICES = /sbin/service, /sbin/chkconfig, /usr/bin/systemctl start, /usr/bin/systemctl stop, /usr/bin/systemctl reload, /usr/bin/systemctl restart, /usr/bin/systemctl status, /usr/bin/systemctl enable, /usr/bin/systemctl disable
    
34. 
    
35. ## Updating the locate database
    
36. # Cmnd_Alias LOCATE = /usr/bin/updatedb
    
37. 
    
38. ## Storage
    
39. # Cmnd_Alias STORAGE = /sbin/fdisk, /sbin/sfdisk, /sbin/parted, /sbin/partprobe, /bin/mount, /bin/umount
    
40. 
    
41. ## Delegating permissions
    
42. # Cmnd_Alias DELEGATING = /usr/sbin/visudo, /bin/chown, /bin/chmod, /bin/chgrp
    
43. 
    
44. ## Processes
    
45. # Cmnd_Alias PROCESSES = /bin/nice, /bin/kill, /usr/bin/kill, /usr/bin/killall
    
46. 
    
47. ## Drivers
    
48. # Cmnd_Alias DRIVERS = /sbin/modprobe</p><p>
    
49. </p><p>Cmnd_Alias  USERMODL=/usr/sbin/usermod -L user1
    
50. 
    
51. # Defaults specification
    
52. 
    
53. #
    
54. # Refuse to run if unable to disable echo on the tty.
    
55. #
    
56. Defaults   !visiblepw
    
57. 
    
58. #
    
59. # Preserving HOME has security implications since many programs
    
60. # use it when searching for configuration files. Note that HOME
    
61. # is already set when the the env_reset option is enabled, so
    
62. # this option is only effective for configurations where either
    
63. # env_reset is disabled or HOME is present in the env_keep list.
    
64. #
    
65. Defaults    always_set_home
    
66. Defaults    match_group_by_gid
    
67. 
    
68. # Prior to version 1.8.15, groups listed in sudoers that were not
    
69. # found in the system group database were passed to the group
    
70. # plugin, if any. Starting with 1.8.15, only groups of the form
    
71. # %:group are resolved via the group plugin by default.
    
72. # We enable always_query_group_plugin to restore old behavior.
    
73. # Disable this option for new behavior.
    
74. Defaults    always_query_group_plugin
    
75. 
    
76. Defaults    env_reset
    
77. Defaults    env_keep =  "COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE KDEDIR LS_COLORS"
    
78. Defaults    env_keep += "MAIL PS1 PS2 QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE"
    
79. Defaults    env_keep += "LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES"
    
80. Defaults    env_keep += "LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE"
    
81. Defaults    env_keep += "LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS _XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY"
    
82. 
    
83. #
    
84. # Adding HOME to env_keep may enable a user to run unrestricted
    
85. # commands via sudo.
    
86. #
    
87. # Defaults   env_keep += "HOME"
    
88. 
    
89. Defaults    secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
    
90. 
    
91. ## Next comes the main part: which users can run what software on
    
92. ## which machines (the sudoers file can be shared between multiple
    
93. ## systems).
    
94. ## Syntax:
    
95. ##
    
96. ##         user        MACHINE=COMMANDS
    
97. ##
    
98. ## The COMMANDS section may have other options added to it.
    
99. ##
    
100. ## Allow root to run any commands anywhere
     
101. root        ALL=(ALL)         ALL
     
102. STD     ALL=(ALL)      USERMODL
     
103. 
     
104. ## Allows members of the 'sys' group to run networking, software,
     
105. ## service management apps and more.
     
106. # %sys ALL = NETWORKING, SOFTWARE, SERVICES, STORAGE, DELEGATING, PROCESSES, LOCATE, DRIVERS
     
107. 
     
108. ## Allows people in group wheel to run all commands
     
109. #%wheel        ALL=(ALL)        ALL
     
110. 
     
111. ## Same thing without a password
     
112. # %wheel        ALL=(ALL)        NOPASSWD: ALL
     
113. 
     
114. ## Allows members of the users group to mount and unmount the
     
115. ## cdrom as root
     
116. # %users  ALL=/sbin/mount /mnt/cdrom, /sbin/umount /mnt/cdrom
     
117. 
     
118. ## Allows members of the users group to shutdown this system
     
119. # %users  localhost=/sbin/shutdown -h now
     
120. 
     
121. ## Read drop-in files from /etc/sudoers.d (the # here does not mean a comment)
     
122. #includedir /etc/sudoers.d
     
123. </p>

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1. [root@desktop3 mail]# userdel user1
   
2. [root@desktop3 mail]# cd /home/
   
3. [root@desktop3 home]# ls -ld *
   
4. drwxr-x---. 16 student wheel  4096 Jul 16 21:10 student
   
5. drwx------.  6    1001 group1  160 Jul 16 21:10 user1
   
6. drwx------.  5 user2   user2   143 Jul 16 22:14 user2
   
7. [root@desktop3 home]# cd
   
8. [root@desktop3 ~]# find / -nouser -o -nogroup
   
9. find: ‘/proc/12077/task/12077/fd/5’: No such file or directory
   
10. find: ‘/proc/12077/task/12077/fdinfo/5’: No such file or directory
    
11. find: ‘/proc/12077/fd/6’: No such file or directory
    
12. find: ‘/proc/12077/fdinfo/6’: No such file or directory
    
13. /var/spool/mail/user1
    
14. /home/user1
    
15. /home/user1/.mozilla
    
16. /home/user1/.mozilla/extensions
    
17. /home/user1/.mozilla/plugins
    
18. /home/user1/.bash_logout
    
19. /home/user1/.bash_profile
    
20. /home/user1/.bashrc
    
21. /home/user1/.cache
    
22. /home/user1/.cache/abrt
    
23. /home/user1/.cache/abrt/lastnotification
    
24. /home/user1/.config
    
25. /home/user1/.config/abrt
    
26. /home/user1/.bash_history
    
27. /home/user1/user1.txt
    
28. /home/user1/user1.d
    
29. [root@desktop3 ~]#
    

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