课程第6次

botang

2019-04-17星期三
在man page里进行一个单词的查找（查找N这个“词“）：

1. ASCII(7)                   Linux Programmer's Manual                  ASCII(7)
   
2. 
   
3. NAME
   
4.        ascii - ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
   
5. 
   
6. DESCRIPTION
   
7.        ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange.  It is
   
8.        a 7-bit code.  Many 8-bit codes (such as ISO 8859-1, the Linux  default
   
9.        character  set)  contain  ASCII as their lower half.  The international
   
10.        counterpart of ASCII is known as ISO 646.
    
11. 
    
12.        The following table contains the 128 ASCII characters.
    
13. 
    
14.        C program '\X' escapes are noted.
    
15. 
    
16.        Oct   Dec   Hex   Char                        Oct   Dec   Hex   Char
    
17.        ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    
18.        000   0     00    NUL '\0'                    100   64    40    @
    
19.        001   1     01    SOH (start of heading)      101   65    41    A
    
20.        002   2     02    STX (start of text)         102   66    42    B
    
21.        003   3     03    ETX (end of text)           103   67    43    C
    
22.        004   4     04    EOT (end of transmission)   104   68    44    D
    
23.        005   5     05    ENQ (enquiry)               105   69    45    E
    
24.        006   6     06    ACK (acknowledge)           106   70    46    F
    
25.        007   7     07    BEL '\a' (bell)             107   71    47    G
    
26.        010   8     08    BS  '\b' (backspace)        110   72    48    H
    
27.        011   9     09    HT  '\t' (horizontal tab)   111   73    49    I
    
28.        012   10    0A    LF  '\n' (new line)         112   74    4A    J
    
29.        013   11    0B    VT  '\v' (vertical tab)     113   75    4B    K
    
30.        014   12    0C    FF  '\f' (form feed)        114   76    4C    L
    
31.        015   13    0D    CR  '\r' (carriage ret)     115   77    4D    M
    
32.        016   14    0E    SO  (shift out)             116   78    4E    N
    
33.        017   15    0F    SI  (shift in)              117   79    4F    O
    
34.        020   16    10    DLE (data link escape)      120   80    50    P
    
35.        021   17    11    DC1 (device control 1)      121   81    51    Q
    
36.        022   18    12    DC2 (device control 2)      122   82    52    R
    
37.        023   19    13    DC3 (device control 3)      123   83    53    S
    
38.        024   20    14    DC4 (device control 4)      124   84    54    T
    
39.        025   21    15    NAK (negative ack.)         125   85    55    U
    
40.        026   22    16    SYN (synchronous idle)      126   86    56    V
    
41.        027   23    17    ETB (end of trans. blk)     127   87    57    W
    
42.        030   24    18    CAN (cancel)                130   88    58    X
    
43.        031   25    19    EM  (end of medium)         131   89    59    Y
    
44.        032   26    1A    SUB (substitute)            132   90    5A    Z
    
45.        033   27    1B    ESC (escape)                133   91    5B    [
    
46.        034   28    1C    FS  (file separator)        134   92    5C    \  '\\'
    
47.        035   29    1D    GS  (group separator)       135   93    5D    ]
    
48.        036   30    1E    RS  (record separator)      136   94    5E    ^
    
49. /\<N\>
    

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man -k 是非常有用的：

1. [root@station60 ~]# man -k boot
   
2. binfmt.d (5)         - Configure additional binary formats for executables at boot
   
3. bootchart.conf (5)   - Boot performance analysis graphing tool configuration files
   
4. bootchart.conf.d (5) - Boot performance analysis graphing tool configuration files
   
5. bootctl (1)          - Control the firmware and boot manager settings
   
6. bootparam (7)        - introduction to boot time parameters of the Linux kernel
   

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bootparam：

1. BOOTPARAM(7)                                                    Linux Programmer's Manual                                                    BOOTPARAM(7)
   
2. 
   
3. NAME
   
4.        bootparam - introduction to boot time parameters of the Linux kernel
   
5. 
   
6. DESCRIPTION
   
7.        The  Linux kernel accepts certain 'command-line options' or 'boot time parameters' at the moment it is started.  In general this is used to supply
   
8.        the kernel with information about hardware parameters that the kernel would not be able to determine on its own, or to avoid/override  the  values
   
9.        that the kernel would otherwise detect.
   
10. 
    
11.        When  the  kernel is booted directly by the BIOS (say from a floppy to which you copied a kernel using 'cp zImage /dev/fd0'), you have no opportu‐
    
12.        nity to specify any parameters.  So, in order to take advantage of this possibility you have to use a boot loader that is able to pass parameters,
    
13.        such as GRUB.
    
14. 
    
15.    The argument list
    
16.        The kernel command line is parsed into a list of strings (boot arguments) separated by spaces.  Most of the boot arguments take have the form:
    
17. 
    
18.            name[=value_1][,value_2]...[,value_10]
    
19. 
    
20.        where  'name'  is  a  unique keyword that is used to identify what part of the kernel the associated values (if any) are to be given to.  Note the
    
21.        limit of 10 is real, as the present code handles only 10 comma separated parameters per keyword.  (However, you can reuse the same keyword with up
    
22.        to an additional 10 parameters in unusually complicated situations, assuming the setup function supports it.)
    
23. 
    
24.        Most  of  the sorting is coded in the kernel source file init/main.c.  First, the kernel checks to see if the argument is any of the special argu‐
    
25.        ments 'root=', 'nfsroot=', 'nfsaddrs=', 'ro', 'rw', 'debug' or 'init'.  The meaning of these special arguments is described below.
    
26. 
    
27.        Then it walks a list of setup functions (contained in the bootsetups array) to see if the specified argument string (such as 'foo') has been asso‐
    
28.        ciated  with  a  setup function ('foo_setup()') for a particular device or part of the kernel.  If you passed the kernel the line foo=3,4,5,6 then
    
29.        the kernel would search the bootsetups array to see if 'foo' was registered.  If it was, then it would call the  setup  function  associated  with
    
30.        'foo' (foo_setup()) and hand it the arguments 3, 4, 5 and 6 as given on the kernel command line.
    
31. 
    
32.        Anything  of  the  form 'foo=bar' that is not accepted as a setup function as described above is then interpreted as an environment variable to be
    
33.        set.  A (useless?) example would be to use 'TERM=vt100' as a boot argument.
    
34. 
    
35.        Any remaining arguments that were not picked up by the kernel and were not interpreted as environment variables are then passed onto process  one,
    
36.        which is usually the init(1) program.  The most common argument that is passed to the init process is the word 'single' which instructs it to boot
    
37.        the computer in single user mode, and not launch all the usual daemons.  Check the manual page for the version of init(1) installed on your system
    
38.        to see what arguments it accepts.
    
39. 
    
40.    General non-device specific boot arguments
    
41.        'init=...'
    

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打印man page：

1. [root@station60 Examples]# man -t  5  passwd > /root/labs/passwd.ps
   
2. [root@station60 Examples]# cd /root/labs/
   
3. [root@station60 labs]# ls
   
4. ！  1  1.sh  2  2.sh  3  4  4.sh  5  5.sh  a  [abcd]  b  c  d  list.txt  passwd.ps
   
5. [root@station60 labs]# ps2
   
6. ps2ascii  ps2epsi   ps2pdf    ps2pdf12  ps2pdf13  ps2pdf14  ps2pdfwr  ps2ps     ps2ps2
   
7. [root@station60 labs]# ps2pdf  passwd.ps
   
8. [root@station60 labs]# ls
   
9. ！  1  1.sh  2  2.sh  3  4  4.sh  5  5.sh  a  [abcd]  b  c  d  list.txt  passwd.pdf  passwd.ps
   
10. [root@station60 labs]#
    

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把标准出错合并到标准输出：

1. [root@station60 labs]# ls xxxx >  6.txt 2>&1
   
2. [root@station60 labs]# cat 6.txt
   
3. ls: cannot access xxxx: No such file or directory
   
4. [root@station60 labs]#
   

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注意以下的8.txt是误操作：

1. [root@station60 labs]# ls xxxx  &> 7.txt
   
2. [root@station60 labs]# cat 7.txt
   
3. ls: cannot access xxxx: No such file or directory
   
4. [root@station60 labs]# ls xxxx  & > 8.txt
   
5. [1] 20111
   
6. [root@station60 labs]# ls: cannot access xxxx: No such file or directory
   
7. 
   
8. [1]+  Exit 2                  ls --color=auto xxxx
   

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输出和出错同时重定向：

1. [student@station60 ~]$ find /etc/ -name passwd > 1.txt 2>2.txt
   
2. [student@station60 ~]$ cat 1.txt
   
3. /etc/pam.d/passwd
   
4. /etc/passwd
   
5. [student@station60 ~]$ cat 2.txt
   
6. find: ‘/etc/pki/CA/private’: Permission denied
   
7. find: ‘/etc/pki/rsyslog’: Permission denied
   
8. find: ‘/etc/grub.d’: Permission denied
   
9. find: ‘/etc/selinux/targeted/active’: Permission denied
   
10. find: ‘/etc/selinux/final’: Permission denied
    
11. find: ‘/etc/dhcp’: Permission denied
    
12. find: ‘/etc/lvm/archive’: Permission denied
    
13. find: ‘/etc/lvm/backup’: Permission denied
    
14. find: ‘/etc/lvm/cache’: Permission denied
    
15. find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d’: Permission denied
    
16. find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
    
17. find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied
    
18. find: ‘/etc/vmware-tools/GuestProxyData/trusted’: Permission denied
    
19. find: ‘/etc/audisp’: Permission denied
    
20. find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied
    
21. find: ‘/etc/ipsec.d’: Permission denied
    
22. find: ‘/etc/libvirt’: Permission denied
    
23. find: ‘/etc/cups/ssl’: Permission denied
    
24. find: ‘/etc/firewalld’: Permission denied
    
25. [student@station60 ~]$
    
26. 
    

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UPG规则和非UPG方式建用户的区别：

1. [root@station60 labs]# cat /etc/passwd
   
2. root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
   
3. bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
   
4. daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
   
5. adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
   
6. lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
   
7. sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
   
8. shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
   
9. halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
   
10. mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
    
11. operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
    
12. games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
    
13. ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
    
14. nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
    
15. systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
    
16. dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
    
17. polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
    
18. libstoragemgmt:x:998:996:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
    
19. colord:x:997:995:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
    
20. rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
    
21. saslauth:x:996:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
    
22. abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
    
23. rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
    
24. pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin
    
25. chrony:x:995:990::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
    
26. radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
    
27. rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
    
28. nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
    
29. unbound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin
    
30. gluster:x:993:988:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin
    
31. qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin
    
32. tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
    
33. usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin
    
34. geoclue:x:992:986:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin
    
35. setroubleshoot:x:991:985::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin
    
36. saned:x:990:984:SANE scanner daemon user:/usr/share/sane:/sbin/nologin
    
37. gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
    
38. gnome-initial-setup:x:989:983::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin
    
39. sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
    
40. avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
    
41. postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
    
42. ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
    
43. tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
    
44. student:x:1000:1000:student:/home/student:/bin/bash
    
45. [root@station60 labs]# id student
    
46. uid=1000(student) gid=1000(student) groups=1000(student),10(wheel)
    
47. [root@station60 labs]# gro
    
48. groff      grops      grotty     groupadd   groupdel   groupmems  groupmod   groups     growisofs
    
49. [root@station60 labs]# group
    
50. groupadd   groupdel   groupmems  groupmod   groups
    
51. [root@station60 labs]# groups student
    
52. student : student wheel
    
53. [root@station60 labs]# su - student
    
54. Last login: Wed Apr 17 09:05:47 EDT 2019 on pts/0
    
55. [student@station60 ~]$ umask
    
56. 0002
    
57. [student@station60 ~]$ touch student1.txt
    
58. [student@station60 ~]$ ls -l
    
59. total 8
    
60. -rw-rw-r--. 1 student student  30 Apr 17 09:06 1.txt
    
61. -rw-rw-r--. 1 student student 929 Apr 17 09:06 2.txt
    
62. drwxr-xr-x. 2 student student   6 Apr  4 16:45 Desktop
    
63. drwxr-xr-x. 2 student student   6 Apr  4 16:45 Documents
    
64. drwxr-xr-x. 2 student student   6 Apr  4 16:45 Downloads
    
65. drwxr-xr-x. 2 student student   6 Apr  4 16:45 Music
    
66. drwxr-xr-x. 2 student student   6 Apr  4 16:45 Pictures
    
67. drwxr-xr-x. 2 student student   6 Apr  4 16:45 Public
    
68. -rw-rw-r--. 1 student student   0 Apr 17 09:38 student1.txt
    
69. drwxr-xr-x. 2 student student   6 Apr  4 16:45 Templates
    
70. drwxr-xr-x. 2 student student   6 Apr  4 16:45 Videos
    
71. [student@station60 ~]$ exit
    
72. logout
    
73. [root@station60 labs]# groupadd oinstall
    
74. [root@station60 labs]# group oinstall
    
75. bash: group: command not found...
    
76. [root@station60 labs]# groups oinstall
    
77. groups: oinstall: no such user
    
78. [root@station60 labs]# groups  student
    
79. student : student wheel
    
80. [root@station60 labs]# id student
    
81. uid=1000(student) gid=1000(student) groups=1000(student),10(wheel)
    
82. [root@station60 labs]# useradd oracle -g oinstall -G student
    
83. [root@station60 labs]# groups oinstall
    

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不同用户进程访问文件系统案例（顺带研究目录这种特殊文件）：

1. [root@station60 labs]# id oracle
   
2. uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1000(student)
   
3. [root@station60 labs]# su - oracle
   
4. [oracle@station60 ~]$ umask
   
5. 0022
   
6. [oracle@station60 ~]$ touch oracle.txt
   
7. [oracle@station60 ~]$ ls
   
8. oracle.txt
   
9. [oracle@station60 ~]$ ls -l
   
10. total 0
    
11. -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 0 Apr 17 09:42 oracle.txt
    
12. [oracle@station60 ~]$ ls -l
    
13. total 0
    
14. -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 0 Apr 17 09:42 oracle.txt
    
15. [oracle@station60 ~]$ vim oracle.txt
    
16. [oracle@station60 ~]$ cd /home/student/
    
17. -bash: cd: /home/student/: Permission denied
    
18. [oracle@station60 ~]$ ls -ld /home/student/
    
19. drwx------. 15 student student 4096 Apr 17 09:38 /home/student/
    
20. [oracle@station60 ~]$ exit
    
21. logout
    
22. [root@station60 labs]# su - studednt
    
23. su: user studednt does not exist
    
24. [root@station60 labs]# su - student
    
25. Last login: Wed Apr 17 09:37:46 EDT 2019 on pts/0
    
26. [student@station60 ~]$ ls -ld
    
27. drwx------. 15 student student 4096 Apr 17 09:38 .
    
28. [student@station60 ~]$ chmod g=rx ./
    
29. [student@station60 ~]$ ls -ld
    
30. drwxr-x---. 15 student student 4096 Apr 17 09:38 .
    
31. [student@station60 ~]$ exit
    
32. logout
    
33. [root@station60 labs]# su - oracle
    
34. Last login: Wed Apr 17 09:42:13 EDT 2019 on pts/0
    
35. [oracle@station60 ~]$ cd /home/student/
    
36. [oracle@station60 student]$
    

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对以上操作的解释：oracle这个用户之所以能够进入student的家目录是因为：1. oracle属于副组student
2.

1. [oracle@station60 student]$ ls -ld .
   
2. drwxr-x---. 15 student student 4096 Apr 17 09:38 .
   

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drwxr-x---. 15 student student 4096 Apr 17 09:38 .
主组信息在/etc/passwd，副组信息在/etc/group：

1. [root@station60 labs]# cat /etc/passwd
   
2. root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
   
3. bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
   
4. daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
   
5. adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
   
6. lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
   
7. sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
   
8. shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
   
9. halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
   
10. mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
    
11. operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
    
12. games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
    
13. ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
    
14. nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
    
15. systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
    
16. dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
    
17. polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
    
18. libstoragemgmt:x:998:996:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
    
19. colord:x:997:995:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
    
20. rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
    
21. saslauth:x:996:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
    
22. abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
    
23. rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
    
24. pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin
    
25. chrony:x:995:990::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
    
26. radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
    
27. rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
    
28. nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
    
29. unbound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin
    
30. gluster:x:993:988:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin
    
31. qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin
    
32. tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
    
33. usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin
    
34. geoclue:x:992:986:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin
    
35. setroubleshoot:x:991:985::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin
    
36. saned:x:990:984:SANE scanner daemon user:/usr/share/sane:/sbin/nologin
    
37. gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
    
38. gnome-initial-setup:x:989:983::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin
    
39. sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
    
40. avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
    
41. postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
    
42. ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
    
43. tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
    
44. student:x:1000:1000:student:/home/student:/bin/bash
    
45. oracle:x:1001:1001::/home/oracle:/bin/bash
    
46. [root@station60 labs]# cat /etc/group
    
47. group   group-
    
48. [root@station60 labs]# cat /etc/group
    
49. root:x:0:
    
50. bin:x:1:
    
51. daemon:x:2:
    
52. sys:x:3:
    
53. adm:x:4:
    
54. tty:x:5:
    
55. disk:x:6:
    
56. lp:x:7:
    
57. mem:x:8:
    
58. kmem:x:9:
    
59. wheel:x:10:student
    
60. cdrom:x:11:
    
61. mail:x:12:postfix
    
62. man:x:15:
    
63. dialout:x:18:
    
64. floppy:x:19:
    
65. games:x:20:
    
66. tape:x:33:
    
67. video:x:39:
    
68. ftp:x:50:
    
69. lock:x:54:
    
70. audio:x:63:
    
71. nobody:x:99:
    
72. users:x:100:
    
73. utmp:x:22:
    
74. utempter:x:35:
    
75. input:x:999:
    
76. systemd-journal:x:190:
    
77. systemd-network:x:192:
    
78. dbus:x:81:
    
79. polkitd:x:998:
    
80. printadmin:x:997:
    
81. libstoragemgmt:x:996:
    
82. colord:x:995:
    
83. rpc:x:32:
    
84. dip:x:40:
    
85. cgred:x:994:
    
86. ssh_keys:x:993:
    
87. saslauth:x:76:
    
88. abrt:x:173:
    
89. rtkit:x:172:
    
90. pulse-access:x:992:
    
91. pulse-rt:x:991:
    
92. pulse:x:171:
    
93. chrony:x:990:
    
94. radvd:x:75:
    
95. rpcuser:x:29:
    
96. nfsnobody:x:65534:
    
97. unbound:x:989:
    
98. gluster:x:988:
    
99. kvm:x:36:qemu
    
100. qemu:x:107:
     
101. tss:x:59:
     
102. libvirt:x:987:
     
103. usbmuxd:x:113:
     
104. geoclue:x:986:
     
105. setroubleshoot:x:985:
     
106. saned:x:984:
     
107. gdm:x:42:
     
108. gnome-initial-setup:x:983:
     
109. sshd:x:74:
     
110. slocate:x:21:
     
111. avahi:x:70:
     
112. postdrop:x:90:
     
113. postfix:x:89:
     
114. ntp:x:38:
     
115. tcpdump:x:72:
     
116. stapusr:x:156:
     
117. stapsys:x:157:
     
118. stapdev:x:158:
     
119. student:x:1000:oracle
     
120. oinstall:x:1001:
     
121. [root@station60 labs]#
     

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