课程第18/19次（2018-03-19星期一, 2018-03-21星期三）

botang

最简单能用的init.ora：

1. *.control_files='+DATA/orcl/controlfile/current.260.816169631','+FRA/orcl/controlfile/current.256.816169633'
   
2. *.db_block_size=8192
   
3. *.db_name='orcl'
   
4. *.db_recovery_file_dest='+FRA'
   
5. *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
   
6. *.memory_target=6681526272
   
7. *.processes=300
   
8. *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
   

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实验环境：

1. [root@station8 ~]# fdisk -l
   
2. 
   
3. WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/loop0'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
   
4. 
   
5. 
   
6. Disk /dev/loop0: 3887 MB, 3887071232 bytes
   
7. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 472 cylinders
   
8. Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   
9. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   
10. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
11. Disk identifier: 0x375a1b73
    
12. 
    
13.       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    
14. /dev/loop0p1   *           1         473     3795968    0  Empty
    
15. Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings:
    
16.      phys=(1023, 63, 32) logical=(472, 146, 58)
    
17. Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    
18. /dev/loop0p2               1           1         376   ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
    
19. Partition 2 has different physical/logical beginnings (non-Linux?):
    
20.      phys=(1023, 254, 63) logical=(0, 54, 39)
    
21. Partition 2 has different physical/logical endings:
    
22.      phys=(1023, 254, 63) logical=(0, 66, 34)
    
23. 
    
24. Disk /dev/sda: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes
    
25. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 29185 cylinders
    
26. Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    
27. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
28. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
29. Disk identifier: 0xc73ac73a
    
30. 
    
31.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    
32. /dev/sda1   *           1          39      307200   83  Linux
    
33. Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    
34. /dev/sda2              39        5878    46899200   8e  Linux LVM
    
35. /dev/sda3            5878        7152    10240000   8e  Linux LVM
    
36. /dev/sda4            7152       29186   176983040    5  Extended
    
37. /dev/sda5            7153        8045     7168000   8e  Linux LVM
    
38. /dev/sda6            8045        8938     7168000   8e  Linux LVM
    
39. /dev/sda7            8938        9830     7168000   8e  Linux LVM
    
40. /dev/sda8            9830       10723     7168000   8e  Linux LVM
    
41. /dev/sda9           10723       11245     4194304   82  Linux swap / Solaris
    
42. /dev/sda10           7152        7152         984+  83  Linux
    
43. /dev/sda11          11245       15161    31460829   8e  Linux LVM
    
44. 
    
45. Partition table entries are not in disk order
    
46. 
    
47. Disk /dev/mapper/vg_station8-LogVol00: 80.2 GB, 80232841216 bytes
    
48. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9754 cylinders
    
49. Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    
50. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
51. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
52. Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
53. 
    
54. [root@station8 ~]# df -h
    
55. Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    
56. /dev/mapper/vg_station8-LogVol00
    
57.                        74G   36G   35G  51% /
    
58. tmpfs                 2.0G  155M  1.8G   8% /dev/shm
    
59. /dev/sda1             283M   42M  226M  16% /boot
    
60. /data/rhel-server-6.9-x86_64-dvd.iso
    
61.                       3.7G  3.7G     0 100% /mount_iso
    
62. [root@station8 ~]# pwd
    
63. /root
    
64. [root@station8 ~]# oracleasm-discover
    
65. Using ASMLib from /opt/oracle/extapi/64/asm/orcl/1/libasm.so
    
66. [ASM Library - Generic Linux, version 2.0.4 (KABI_V2)]
    
67. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK01 [14336000 blocks (7340032000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
68. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK02 [14336000 blocks (7340032000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
69. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK03 [14336000 blocks (7340032000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
70. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK04 [14336000 blocks (7340032000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
71. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK05 [20480000 blocks (10485760000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
72. [root@station8 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=ASMDISK06.img bs=1K  count=7168000
    
73. 记录了7168000+0 的读入
    
74. 记录了7168000+0 的写出
    
75. 7340032000字节(7.3 GB)已复制，42.0847 秒，174 MB/秒
    
76. [root@station8 ~]# losetup /dev/loop6  ASMDISK06.img
    
77. [root@station8 ~]# losetup /dev/loop6
    
78. /dev/loop6: [fd00]:1845418 (/root/ASMDISK06.img)
    
79. [root@station8 ~]# oracleasm-discover
    
80. Using ASMLib from /opt/oracle/extapi/64/asm/orcl/1/libasm.so
    
81. [ASM Library - Generic Linux, version 2.0.4 (KABI_V2)]
    
82. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK01 [14336000 blocks (7340032000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
83. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK02 [14336000 blocks (7340032000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
84. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK03 [14336000 blocks (7340032000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
85. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK04 [14336000 blocks (7340032000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
86. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK05 [20480000 blocks (10485760000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
87. [root@station8 ~]# oracleasm createdisk ASMDISK06 /dev/loop6
    
88. Writing disk header: done
    
89. Instantiating disk: done
    
90. [root@station8 ~]# oracleasm-discover
    
91. Using ASMLib from /opt/oracle/extapi/64/asm/orcl/1/libasm.so
    
92. [ASM Library - Generic Linux, version 2.0.4 (KABI_V2)]
    
93. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK01 [14336000 blocks (7340032000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
94. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK02 [14336000 blocks (7340032000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
95. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK03 [14336000 blocks (7340032000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
96. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK04 [14336000 blocks (7340032000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
97. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK05 [20480000 blocks (10485760000 bytes), maxio 512]
    
98. Discovered disk: ORCL:ASMDISK06 [14336000 blocks (7340032000 bytes), maxio 128]
    
99. [root@station8 ~]#
    

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rawdevices的/etc/init.d/rawdevices脚本内容（要加可执行位）：

1. #!/bin/bash
   
2. #
   
3. # rawdevices       This shell script assignes rawdevices to block devices
   
4. #
   
5. # chkconfig: 345 56 44
   
6. # description: This scripts assignes raw devices to block devices \
   
7. #              (such as hard drive partitions). This is for the use \
   
8. #               of applications such as Oracle. You can set up the \
   
9. #               raw device to block device mapping by editing \
   
10. #               the file /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices.
    
11. #
    
12. # config: /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
    
13. 
    
14. [ -f /bin/raw ] || exit 0
    
15. [ -f /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices ] || exit 0
    
16. # Exit if the file just has the default comments.
    
17. LC_ALL=C /bin/egrep -q -v "^ *#" /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices 2>/dev/null || exit 0
    
18. 
    
19. . /etc/init.d/functions
    
20. 
    
21. function assign_raw()
    
22. {
    
23.    LC_ALL=C egrep -v '^ *#' /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices |
    
24.    while read RAW BLOCK; do
    
25.      if [ -n "$RAW" -a -n "$BLOCK" ]; then
    
26.          rawdirname=${RAW%/*}
    
27.          if [ "$rawdirname" = "/dev" -a -d /dev/raw ]; then
    
28.            echo [        DISCUZ_CODE_2        ]quot;  Please correct your /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices:"
    
29.            echo [        DISCUZ_CODE_2        ]quot;     rawdevices are now located in the directory /dev/raw/ "
    
30.            echo [        DISCUZ_CODE_2        ]quot;  If the command 'raw' still refers to /dev/raw as a file."
    
31.            echo [        DISCUZ_CODE_2        ]quot;   you'll have to upgrade your util-linux package"
    
32.            exit 0
    
33.          fi
    
34.          if [ "$rawdirname" = "/dev/raw" -a -f /dev/raw ]; then
    
35.            echo [        DISCUZ_CODE_2        ]quot;  Please correct your /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices:"
    
36.            echo [        DISCUZ_CODE_2        ]quot;     rawdevices are now located in the directory /dev/raw/ "
    
37.            echo [        DISCUZ_CODE_2        ]quot;  If the command 'raw' still refers to /dev/raw as a file."
    
38.            echo [        DISCUZ_CODE_2        ]quot;   you'll have to upgrade your util-linux package"
    
39.            exit 0
    
40.          fi
    
41. 
    
42.        echo "           $RAW  -->   $BLOCK";
    
43.        raw $RAW $BLOCK
    
44.      fi
    
45.    done
    
46. }
    
47. 
    
48. # See how we were called.
    
49. case "$1" in
    
50.   start)
    
51.         # Assign devices
    
52.         echo [        DISCUZ_CODE_2        ]quot;Assigning devices: "
    
53.         assign_raw
    
54.         sleep 3
    
55.         chown -R oracle:asmadmin /dev/raw/
    
56.         echo [        DISCUZ_CODE_2        ]quot;done"
    
57.         ;;
    
58.   stop)
    
59.         # No action to be taken here
    
60.         ;;
    
61. 
    
62.   status)
    
63.         ID=`id -u`
    
64.         if [ $ID -eq 0 ]; then
    
65.           raw -qa
    
66.         else
    
67.           echo [        DISCUZ_CODE_2        ]quot;You need to be root to use this command ! "
    
68.         fi
    
69.         ;;
    
70. 
    
71.   restart|reload)
    
72.         $0 start
    
73.         ;;
    
74. 
    
75.   *)
    
76.         echo [        DISCUZ_CODE_2        ]quot;Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}"
    
77.         exit 1
    
78. esac
    
79. 
    
80. exit 0

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rawdevices的配置文件：/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices：

1. /dev/raw/raw1  /dev/loop3
   
2. /dev/raw/raw2  /dev/loop4
   
3. /dev/raw/raw3  /dev/loop5
   

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使其生效：

[root@station8 init.d]# chkconfig rawdevices on
[root@station8 init.d]# service rawdevices start

创建磁盘组的命令：

1.   create diskgroup highdata high redundancy        failgroup f1
   
2.   2        disk '/dev/raw/raw1' name d1, '/dev/raw/raw2' name d2
   
3.   3                                                failgroup f2
   
4.   4        disk '/dev/raw/raw3'  name d3, '/dev/raw/raw4' name d4
   
5.   5                                                failgroup f3
   
6.   6*        disk '/dev/raw/raw5' name d5 , '/dev/raw/raw6' name d6
   
7. SQL> /
   

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ASM的参数，负责找磁盘的路径：

1. SQL> alter system set asm_diskstring='/dev/oracleasm/disks/*','/dev/raw/raw*' ;

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https://station90.example.com:5500/em/console/database/osm/osmSitemap?fromAsm=true&type=osm_instance&target=%2BASM_station90.example.com&event=doLoad

快速镜像重同步：

1. [oracle@station90 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
   
2. 
   
3. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Mar 25 11:57:50 2018
   
4. 
   
5. Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
   
6. 
   
7. SQL> conn / as sysasm
   
8. Connected.
   
9. SQL> alter diskgroup data offline disk DATA_0000  drop after 5h;
   
10. alter diskgroup data offline disk DATA_0000  drop after 5h
    
11. *
    
12. ERROR at line 1:
    
13. ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
    
14. ORA-15283: ASM operation requires compatible.rdbms of 11.1.0.0.0 or higher
    
15. 
    
16. 
    
17. SQL> alter diskgroup data set attribute 'compatible.rdbms'='11.2';
    
18. 
    
19. Diskgroup altered.
    
20. 
    
21. SQL> alter diskgroup data offline disk DATA_0000  drop after 5h;
    
22. 
    
23. Diskgroup altered.
    
24. 
    
25. SQL>
    

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